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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 13:32 
To get back to your "owl moth".... the evolution of it's patterns.... has been incremental over millions of years....

In that time... the nature and colour of trees/bark... and prey... may all have also incrementally changed...

Any small advantageous adaptions... that increased survivability.... were passed to subsequent generations....

Thus, any small changes.. that increased the "camouflage" of the moth.... were advantageous... resulting in increased life span, or genetic pairing opportunities (mating)... and eventual pre-dominance in the gene pool...

Leading to the now.. seemingly... universal appearance in the "owl moth"....

The sum is equal to all the previous parts.... however small... and advantageous... they may have been...


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 13:48 
Journeyman wrote:
The brain itself is another issue, and there are many such - the brain in humans gives us an unbeatable (so far) advantage, but only AFTER you have it. Evolution is a process whereby resources must be efficiently distributed to maximise survival and breeding opportunity.

But the brain is a massive drain on resources that provides very little advantage UNTIL it is complete. And the problem is bigger than just a one-off disadvantage - the investment in resources had to occur across a vast expanse of time - birth canals had to be modified to allow the larger heads to be born, the birth process had to alter to allow longer development internally, and the baby had to be born 'younger' after the longer gestation because of the changes needed.

These questions and many more are brushed aside in the eagerness to decalare Evolution a 'settled science' yet they do not have easy answers, particularly when the driver of all this is considered to be tiny, random changes made purely by accident.

No... these "questions and many more are brushed aside in the eagerness to declare Evolution a 'settled science' yet they do not have easy answers"... just isn't true....

There are distinct and traceable evolution/genetic traits... that show the evolution of the size/function of the human brain... birth canal, foetal gestation etc... is entirely linked to human evolution to upright walking... and dietary intake... development of fire... and especially consumption of meat....

There was a recent brilliant BBC series that mapped the development of the human brain... which for the live of me I can't recall the title of... (I'll try and find it)....


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 14:00 
Here ya go... you find out all sorts of answers to your questions....

http://www.bbcshop.com/history/the-incr ... bcdvd2937/

http://www.amazon.com/Incredible-Human- ... 414&sr=1-1


There's an edited.. and apparently not quite so good version available through the ABC shop...

http://shop.abc.net.au/products/the-inc ... an-journey


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 15:22 
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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 15:26 
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RupertofOZ wrote:
You're confusing apples, oranges... and bananas.... DNA, genes and chromosomes...

Yeah... but no. I was hoping my initial explanations would have shown a need to move a little deeper than your tutorial on the basics of cells and DNA. While Discovery Channel is probably proud you have managed to regurgitate so much of their pap, you should re-read my posts and take note that while you are taking the General Science view of things and trying to define words, I was talking about how mutation is actually supposed to be working at the level of the Thymine-Adenine and Guanine-Cytosine pair bonds.,

It is at this level the mutation MUST be occurring or it cannot affect the genetic structure and certainly cannot affect the chromosome.

I think all you have shown is you yourself do not fully understand the various parts of a cellular structure and function - the mention of Recombination and meiosis should perhaps have clued you in.
RupertofOZ wrote:
To get back to your "owl moth".... the evolution of it's patterns.... has been incremental over millions of years....

In that time... the nature and colour of trees/bark... and prey... may all have also incrementally changed...

Any small advantageous adaptions... that increased survivability.... were passed to subsequent generations....

Thus, any small changes.. that increased the "camouflage" of the moth.... were advantageous... resulting in increased life span, or genetic pairing opportunities (mating)... and eventual pre-dominance in the gene pool...

Leading to the now.. seemingly... universal appearance in the "owl moth"....

The sum is equal to all the previous parts.... however small... and advantageous... they may have been...
Regurgitating the standard Evolution model is not an answer or even useful. You are STARTING from the PoV that Evolution is correct and then using the dogma to counter questions that arise from that very same dogma.

I am unsure why you decided to call the Owl Butterfly an 'owl moth' - it is clearly not the same as the one I showed above. The owl butterfly has eyes on the wings, the North American owl moth does not. The Queensland ones might be considered to have eyes but even a brief glance would show they are not the type being talked about here.

There is zero evidence the eyes evolved incrementally over millions of years and such an assertion shows you have failed to understand the points I made about just HOW such a change would have affected the life span of the changing butterfly.

This is why it is difficult to hold conversations like this - you either get Creationists deciding God Did It or you get people convinced of the absolute Authority of a white coat who just spout back the catechisms they learned on Discovery Channel.

Popular TV is not a good way to get your Science nor useful in learning to think for yourself.

Perhaps next time you might respond thoughtfully instead of with a year 10 lectern speech?


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 15:36 
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Journeyman wrote:
Yavimaya wrote:
I dont think evolution states that they must all have the exact same traits, just that most will and the slower they breed, the more traits they will share. those with the advantages then survive to breed, there are plenty born with "disadvantages" in evolution, they simply dont survive as well.


I also think to say there are no owl butterflies without the "eye" is not exactly correct either, only because there could be other butterflies that are genetically very similar, that split off a few generations before that trait was established, it is then only naming convention that stops that family being an "owl butterfly" too.
What i am saying is, just because humans name someting as something and lump it together with others that they think are the same, does not mean that they are actually the same, the plant kingdom is a great example of this, how many plants have moved genus in the last 10 years? i would hate to have to try and count.....

Not sure about the 1st para - I don't think I said that. But you're correct in that Evolution doesn't demand all members of a group have exactly the same traits... and yet all the Owl Butterflys DO have the same wing patterns. This suggests, under orthodox Evolution, that it made a compelling survival trait. My problem is I can't think of a way it could have evolved. Anything less than perfect actually compromises the basic camo - plus there is the whole issue about how does any animal evolve traits to mimic something out there in the environment that aren't even related to survival of the animal? (the lizard attacks the birds, not the butterfly)

The possibility of ongoing random changes constantly compromising the integrity of the camo until 'VOILA!' a perfect eye defence appears is just a little to much a stretch of my credulity.

The possibility of closely related species that just don't have the eye seems irrelevant to me - happy if you can show me how it matters - because we are talking here about one specific breed, not near relatives that might have other adaptations to help them survive.

The eye is all-or-nothing, or worse, all-or-deadly and so it seems a puzzle I have been unable to resolve.
Yavimaya wrote:
it actually doesnt matter if the animal sees in colour or not, if 2 colour are placed ontop of each other, it now becomes irrelevant whether you see them as red, blue or black and white, it is 2 indentical colors ontop of each other.....

Not sure what you are saying here. Colour does matter in most cases - in fact there are occasions where colour provides a defence unless the predator DOESN'T see colour as in a shades-of-grey scenario, the texture or material differences show up vividly.

i.e. a green caterpillar on a same colour green leaf may be hidden, but look at the shades of grey in the picture and the caterpillar might as well be wearing neon pink coveralls.



The black and white thing, with shades of grey making things show up, maybe... im no expert, not somethin i have heard of before. However, most things have colour vision, maybe not all the colours we see, but as far as i know, the ones that have greyscale sight tend to have compound eyes, which dont see enough detail for what you said anyways.... but who knows, TBH, to think a person knows anything about what an animal sees if pretty laughable, we can make educated guesses, nothing more.

As far as the butterflies go, of course the reletives matter, they are basically the same butterfly, but with different colourings, once again, it comes down to naming convention.
But that aside, as hass been stated, it is all very incremental, there is no plan, butterflies with a simple round pattern start to be eaten less, that round pattern has colour variations, the ones that happen to accidently mimmick the colour of eyes do better than 1 single colour, so they survive better.

I dont think there is such thing as "perfect camo" when it comes to nature, those butterflies are no exception, any breaking of pattern and colour gives a camo effect, i did see a small "lizard" face in the 2nd picture you posted, but absolutely nothing in the first, the first looked like a dot with broken camo patterns, nothing more, But that is all that is needed.
the dots were never meant to look like eyes, they simply went that way because the more detail in that dot, the less it looks like a dot, so the more confusing it is to predators, therefore they are less likely to eat that butterfly.


Last edited by Yavimaya on May 22nd, '13, 15:37, edited 1 time in total.

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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 15:36 
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One of the problems with the mutation theory for Evolution is there is a basic assumption that it is proven to happen - we get explanations such as
Quote:
Damage to DNA can be caused by mutations such as replication errors or incorporation of mismatched nucleotides (substitution errors – transitions and transversions). DNA can suffer single or double-strand breaks (left). DNA damage can result from unintentional and intentional environmental mutagens such as oxygen radicals, hydroxyl radicals, ionizing or ultraviolet radiation, toxins, alkylating agents, and chemotherapy agents, particularly anti-cancer drugs. Cells have evolved mechanisms for repair of DNA, and all organisms, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, utilize at least three enzymatic excision-repair mechanisms: base excision repair, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair.

... which are supposed to tell us all about it. What they do NOT say is just how the mutation happens at all. As pointed out, cells have repair mechanisms and this would actually cause many possible changes to be 'fixed' back to the original set up.

The genes are patterns of bases. Personally I refuse to believe in a mutation that could alter an entire gene, (except in a lab) and the environmental stressors usually listed include chemical and radiological causes. Viruses are another cause, but they tend to change mitochondria rather than central DNA.

Chemical and radiological causes must be random and indeed it is a keystone of Evolutionary Theory that the changes must be random. So, how can a random change NOT break the DNA helix? Asking the same mutation cause to precisely alter a T to an A at the exact same moment it alters an A to a T is a bit beyond belief - fantasy comes to mind.

We do know of another way that makes sense of all of this but it is incompatible with Evolutionary Theory.


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 15:38 
Journeyman wrote:
I am unsure why you decided to call the Owl Butterfly an 'owl moth' - it is clearly not the same as the one I showed above.

Shessh... ok got me there.... I'll be more careful.. and pedantic next time... :lol:

P.S... here's a picture of an "owl moth"...

Attachment:
owl-moth (Custom).jpg
owl-moth (Custom).jpg [ 91.35 KiB | Viewed 3132 times ]


And here's one of an "owl butterfly" - Caligo Martia....

Attachment:
Caligo_martia_owl-butterfly.jpg
Caligo_martia_owl-butterfly.jpg [ 143.12 KiB | Viewed 3132 times ]


The distinction you're making.... and need for pedanticism... is so obviously clear.... :lol:


Last edited by RupertofOZ on May 22nd, '13, 16:13, edited 2 times in total.

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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 15:43 
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Journeyman wrote:
One of the problems with the mutation theory for Evolution is there is a basic assumption that it is proven to happen - we get explanations such as
Quote:
Damage to DNA can be caused by mutations such as replication errors or incorporation of mismatched nucleotides (substitution errors – transitions and transversions). DNA can suffer single or double-strand breaks (left). DNA damage can result from unintentional and intentional environmental mutagens such as oxygen radicals, hydroxyl radicals, ionizing or ultraviolet radiation, toxins, alkylating agents, and chemotherapy agents, particularly anti-cancer drugs. Cells have evolved mechanisms for repair of DNA, and all organisms, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, utilize at least three enzymatic excision-repair mechanisms: base excision repair, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair.

... which are supposed to tell us all about it. What they do NOT say is just how the mutation happens at all. As pointed out, cells have repair mechanisms and this would actually cause many possible changes to be 'fixed' back to the original set up.

The genes are patterns of bases. Personally I refuse to believe in a mutation that could alter an entire gene, (except in a lab) and the environmental stressors usually listed include chemical and radiological causes. Viruses are another cause, but they tend to change mitochondria rather than central DNA.

Chemical and radiological causes must be random and indeed it is a keystone of Evolutionary Theory that the changes must be random.
So, how can a random change NOT break the DNA helix? Asking the same mutation cause to precisely alter a T to an A at the exact same moment it alters an A to a T is a bit beyond belief - fantasy comes to mind.

We do know of another way that makes sense of all of this but it is incompatible with Evolutionary Theory.


No it is not, a bacteria which survives a certain substance will divide into other bacteria that are more likely to survive that susbstance, not other substances.
It is (mostly) directly related to the danger that needs to be survived.


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 15:51 
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Journeyman wrote:
RupertofOZ wrote:
You're confusing apples, oranges... and bananas.... DNA, genes and chromosomes...

Yeah... but no. I was hoping my initial explanations would have shown a need to move a little deeper than your tutorial on the basics of cells and DNA. While Discovery Channel is probably proud you have managed to regurgitate so much of their pap, you should re-read my posts and take note that while you are taking the General Science view of things and trying to define words, I was talking about how mutation is actually supposed to be working at the level of the Thymine-Adenine and Guanine-Cytosine pair bonds.,


Hang on, you are coming to an aquaponics forum expecting to debate the finest details of genetics and evolution?


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 15:53 
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Yavimaya wrote:
The black and white thing, with shades of grey making things show up, maybe... im no expert, not somethin i have heard of before. However, most things have colour vision, maybe not all the colours we see, but as far as i know, the ones that have greyscale sight tend to have compound eyes, which dont see enough detail for what you said anyways.... but know knows, TBH, to think a person knows anything about what an animal sees if pretty laughable, we can make educated guesses, nothing more.

As far as the butterflies go, of course the reletives matter, they are basically the same butterfly, but with different colourings, once again, it comes down to naming convention.
But that aside, as hass been stated, it is all very incremental, there is no plan, butterflies with a simple round pattern start to be eaten less, that round pattern has colour variations, the ones that happen to accidently mimmick the colour of eyes do better than 1 single colour, so they survive better.

I dont think there is such thing as "perfect camo" when it comes to nature, those butterflies are no exception, any breaking of pattern and colour gives a camo effect, i did see a small "lizard" face in the 2nd picture you posted, but absolutely nothing in the first, the first looked like a dot with broken camo patterns, nothing more, But that is all that is needed.
the dots were never meant to look like eyes, they simply went that way because the more detail in that dot, the less it looks like a dot, so the more confusing it is to predators, therefore they are less likely to eat that butterfly.

The grey scale thing is incidental - just something I ran across many years back - pretty sure it was before the internet.

The idea it is incremental is not proven - as mentioned above, it is dogma from the Theory of Evolution and the fossil record disagrees with it anyway. There is no difference using that argument as a counter to my question than there is in saying 'that's how God did it' every time someone questions Creation. I am questioning the very idea that incremental changes could have worked in the case of the butterfly, so to counter with saying 'because it is incremental' does not address the question at all.

Situation: We have a butterfly so large it needs camouflage to survive the eagle eyes of its predator. ANY change to that camouflage exposes it. Generations of slowly evolving black dots does NOT help it survive better and therefore, by the rules of the Theory of Evolution, the mutation should die out.

And yet we have Owl Butterflys with perfect reproductions of a predator's eye. The eye works. It has been observed in the wild to work. If the black blotch conveyed any survival benefit we would still see some of them around - that is how Evolution is touted to work. A survival benefit does not automatically remove all those with less of it or none, it just biases the odds.

We appear to be seeing a species that has gone from one level of benefit to another with none of the intervening stages being left behind.

The question is, how could this have come about?

Yavimaya wrote:
No it is not, a bacteria which survives a certain substance will divide into other bacteria that are more likely to survive that susbstance, not other substances.
It is (mostly) directly related to the danger that needs to be survived.

Unfortunately, that is a level beyond what we are talking about. How did that bacterium come to survive when the others didn't? That is where the mutation comes in, not in the act of survival itself.

Unless you are proposing the bacterium somehow changes itself after it survives?

While it is perfectly possible the random changes to the bacterium genome allow it to handle adverse conditions better, it does not answer the question of how a change to a genome can be made without destroying the connection from one DNA 'chain' across to the other.

And there is another issue which I will address in the next post.


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 15:55 
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Yavimaya wrote:
Journeyman wrote:
RupertofOZ wrote:
You're confusing apples, oranges... and bananas.... DNA, genes and chromosomes...

Yeah... but no. I was hoping my initial explanations would have shown a need to move a little deeper than your tutorial on the basics of cells and DNA. While Discovery Channel is probably proud you have managed to regurgitate so much of their pap, you should re-read my posts and take note that while you are taking the General Science view of things and trying to define words, I was talking about how mutation is actually supposed to be working at the level of the Thymine-Adenine and Guanine-Cytosine pair bonds.,


Hang on, you are coming to an aquaponics forum expecting to debate the finest details of genetics and evolution?

*grins* I don't see how an interest in Ap would stop people having knowledge of other things. And Joel did lay down a challenge...

Plus, this is not the 'finest details' but rather a fairly straightforward logical set of conclusions based on the tales we have been told about Evolution. i.e. if you think beyond what they tell us, these things pop out of the wood work.


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 16:05 
Journeyman wrote:
One of the problems with the mutation theory for Evolution is there is a basic assumption that it is proven to happen - we get explanations such as
Quote:
Damage to DNA can be caused by mutations such as replication errors or incorporation of mismatched nucleotides (substitution errors – transitions and transversions). DNA can suffer single or double-strand breaks (left). DNA damage can result from unintentional and intentional environmental mutagens such as oxygen radicals, hydroxyl radicals, ionizing or ultraviolet radiation, toxins, alkylating agents, and chemotherapy agents, particularly anti-cancer drugs. Cells have evolved mechanisms for repair of DNA, and all organisms, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, utilize at least three enzymatic excision-repair mechanisms: base excision repair, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair.

... which are supposed to tell us all about it. What they do NOT say is just how the mutation happens at all. As pointed out, cells have repair mechanisms and this would actually cause many possible changes to be 'fixed' back to the original set up.

Huh?.... the quote does say how mutations can occur... and possible causes...

No disputing that "cells have repair mechanisms"... and that "many possible changes to be 'fixed' back to the original set up".....

But this simple means... that if the cell is "repaired"... returned to original "set up".... then NO mutation has occurred... :lol:


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 16:10 
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Here's the next level of the problems with Evolution. Extinction Level Events (ELE's)

We have in the fossil and rock records, evidence of major cataclysms across millions of years. Times when as near as we can tell, major percentages of all life either on land or ocean or both were wiped out. each time, the records tell us, there has been an explosion of life, both in numbers and species, immediately after. In some cases the explosion is from an entirely different set of creatures than those which roamed around before the ELE. (think end of dinosaurs - not the only similar incident)

While it is fairly straightforward to understand why there is an explosion of numbers after an ELE - the abundance of territory and food sources no longer being consumed by the vanished species - it is a little more difficult to rationalise the explosion of species.

See the problem is, according to Evolutionary Theory, the mutations that drive the Evolution are random and regular - so regular they now 'count' the changes in DNA to tell us how long ago things happened. This brings up a number of interesting talking points:

1. What is the validity of presuming the environment has stayed so constant that they can date things by counting the Evolutionary 'ticks' of the genetic clock?

2. How is it, in an assumed constant environment, there can be a massive amount of change in very short time after an ELE?

3. In such a constant 'ticking' environment, how can survival benefits be so different to the old environment requirements that under radical changes the species can rapidly alter enough to survive?

The usual answer given to the 'tick' problems is that the changes build up across time and then when everything changes in the environment, the mutations are sitting there, 'ready to go' so to speak. That directly contradicts the Evolutionary dogma about Survival of the Fittest.

Almost all changes sufficient to alter a species genome carry a resources cost in the current environment. In other words, given nothing has changed for the species, an alteration sufficiently different to convey a benefit in a different environment is almost guaranteed to carry a survival cost until that change comes along.

So unless the change happens immediately before the environment alters, it should be bred out of the species. Benign alterations tend not to be the means for survival after a drastic alteration to the ecosystem.

So, by the tenets of Evolution, there seems to be no way for a cupboard full of mutations to build up, just waiting for that meteor, or those volcanoes, or that continental divide which is going to radically alter the landscape.

So why is it (& how) that in the record we see enough of the evidence for the theory called Punctuated Equilibrium to have gained popularity?


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 Post subject: Re: The Evolution Puzzle
PostPosted: May 22nd, '13, 16:14 
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If you want a more researched answer than what you would consider a year 10 lectern speech, perhaps you should instead ask the question on a scientific/biology forum.

I don't understand what exactly you would like to discuss.
Evolutionists will base their arguments on their belief of evolution.
Creationists will base their argument on their belief in a higher being.

If you don't want a biased opinion, try discussing something other that creationism v evolution. :dontknow:

The Cichlids of Lake Malawi show an interesting example of evolution.
There are species that are the same species and genus, however their colours have changed due to their location.
The thing is that these fish tend to spend their lives around the same location, generally not entering open water due to lack of safety from caves.
However, the theory I have been given, sometimes a big storm swell would push some species into open water where they would come across a new location/pile of rocks.
Over time their colours have evolved differently to the fish at the other location.
I have heard of examples of fish living 50 meters apart that look completely different, even though scientifically they are the exact same species.

That is why Cichlids commonly have a location name at the end of their Binomial nomenclature.

Peacocks are an excellent example.
Aulonocara stuartgranti "Chiwindi"
Image

Aulonocara stuartgranti "Hongi Island"
Image

Aulonocara stuartgranti "Ngara"
Image

Aulonocara stuartgranti "Ntekete"
Image

And the Labs.
Labeotropheus fuelleborni "Chidunga"
Image

Labeotropheus fuelleborni "Minos Reef"
Image

Labeotropheus fuelleborni "Nakantenga"
Image

Or, my favourite of the Haps
Placidochromis phenochilus "Mdoka"
Image

Placidochromis phenochilus "Tanzania"
Image

If these fish hadn't evolved separately they shouldn't have those variations in the colours.
In fact there are plenty of studies done on Cichlids and Evolution


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