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Is it worth the hassle to build an incubating system and trying and grow these trout from egg?
Actually trout from egg is not easy for a beginner in fish farming,they are really fragile, i'd say to start keeping juveniles alive to plate size for a start. But you'll be capable of doing it one day for sure, but better learn the basic fish maintenance before.
And doing only a few eggs to fingerlings will cost you more than buying some fingerlings every now and then.
Don't forget that a fish population is not homogen, it follows a gauss curb.
You'll have a few big fish, a majority of mediums and a few small in each batch, and the second batch big fish will probably catch up with the smaller ones of the first batch. All is question of growth rate and grading the fish. I've calculated that with 3 fish batches a year you can have more or less always the desired sizes in the system only the quantities will vary a bit but are still in the sale size.
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I'd also like to set-up a system so that I get staggered harvests to supply myself with fresh fish every one or two weeks. Would separating the tank using mesh nets and then separating the fish by their size be a practical way to accomplish this?
Make cages from mesh or nets, net is better and easier to do and stock when unused. Do a floating ring with PVC pipe and attach to it the cage net. Don't forget to keep the density of fish in cages always around 3-5 kg/L, so small cage for fingerlings, and then few cages for growout (each one can be used to get a better graded batch). I believe that cages will be easier to use than separations in the pool because you'll be able to take them out and stock them, for fishing or checking the fish it will be easy to lift the cage to concentrate the fish and they will probably last longer than just pieces of mesh if well done from the begining.
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Same question goes for aeration. If anything, I'd like to over-aerate this tank. What power air pump would be required to achieve high levels of aeration for a tank this size?
The air pump would be around 20 L /min on a repartitor to have airstones in each cage or separation. It would keep you out of trouble for sure, i use one for 15 aquariums in my fish room. Plug the air on battery as they don't use much current, plug a battery charger from the mains on the battery it will make sure you'll have a safety system as trout can't live long without DO, 2-4 hours of power out will kill the stock for sure. Search for Resun air pump, they are cheap pumps from China, and they seem to work even if they don't look well finished.
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Also, what capacity pump do you expect I'll need with a 1,200 gal tank?
Depends on growbed size and volume. Trout will need a fair big amount of biofiltration because there food is extremely rich in protein which will give a big amount of ammonia and are quite sensitive to it.
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Are there many low-price retail bio-filters avaliable or should I consider building one myself?
The principle of AP is to have a growbed for biofilter, even if there are no plants in it the gravel will always act as a biofilter. It will cheaper for you to get big growbeds full of gravel and plant them only in summer than building a biofilter that would be useless for plant cultivation.
And heating wise, i'd put a heater in it, they have a thermostat integrated in them and would only switch on when needed, than having a bad surprise in the morning and having to start everything from scratch.
Why don't you get eco light bulbs adapted to plant cultivation and grow low light demand plants in winter, it would be of good value specially if sold in winter. Nice lettuce could be sold for more than what it would cost in electricity. Have you seen Slicer Dicer's system, he grows indoor in his basement too, check the last pics and you'll see it can be quite a good bargain growing under lamps in AP.
Hope i've answered a few questions even if i know that each answered questions opens the way to ten unanswered ones.
Have fun and i'll keep watching your progress with great interest.